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It is known that Islamic extremists have infiltrated European prisons for the purpose of identifying, converting and radicalizing inmates. Furthermore, some radicalized prisoners have been subsequently recruited into Islamic terror organizations, only to later carry out terror operations against Western targets. Consequently, this has led some researchers within the academic and media communities of the United States to conclude that American prisons must be similarly infiltrated for the same purposes. To support this argument, labeled the Infiltration-Conversion-Radicalization hypothesis by this thesis, the cases of Jose Padilla, Richard Reid, Warith-Deen Umar and Abdurahman Alamoudi are often presented as evidence. This thesis uses these same cases to test the Infiltration-Conversion-Radicalization hypothesis. Furthermore, it is demonstrated by this thesis that while there may be validity to the Infiltration-Conversion-Radicalization hypothesis, none of the four cases examined support the theory.