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The transcription of RNA from DNA is an exquisitely regulated process. The regulation of RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase (RNAP) provides cells with flexible control of gene expression by producing RNA transcripts optimal for different stages of cell growth or development, as well as in response to changes in environment. Cells accomplish this regulation for a given gene initially by deciding whether or not to begin transcription and subsequently by deciding how quickly to synthesize and how far to extend the RNA transcript. These decisions determine which RNAs become available as templates for protein synthesis. In this thesis, I present an overview of what is currently known about the regulation of transcription elongation, and present work designed to investigate the ability of elongation factors, particularly NusG and σ 70, to interact with RNAP and modulate transcription.