Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Metzger, Brandon Troy

Titel

Evidence based nutritional supplement research for the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Ort / Verlag

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses

Erscheinungsjahr

2008

Quelle

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• The focus of this work was a research based evaluation of nutritional supplement ingredients in cell and animal models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Buckwheat protein (BWP) increases fecal excretion of neutral and acidic sterols in several rodent models. We found that BWP decreases cholesterol incorporation into micelles. The diminished cholesterol solubility resulted in reduced cholesterol uptake by Caco-2 cells. Cholesterol binding experiments indicated that 83% of cholesterol was associated with an insoluble fraction of BWP. Purple carrots contain anthocyanins and other phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Extracts and phytochemicals in purple carrots were investigated to determine the attenuation of the response to lipopolysaccharide. A bioactive purple carrot fraction reduced nitric oxide production and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-β, TNF-α) and iNOS in macrophage cells. Protein secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced in pig aortic endothelial cells. Preparative liquid chromatography resulted in a bioactive fraction enriched in the polyacetylenes compounds (falcarinol, falcarindiol, and falcarindiol 3-acetate). Isolated polyacetylenes reduced nitric oxide production in macrophage cells. We concluded that polyacetylenes, not anthocyanins, were responsible for the purple carrot anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Several dietary supplements were evaluated alone and in combination in comparison to lovastatin in familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) swine to lower serum cholesterol. The supplements included pectin, polyphenols, and phytosterols. All of the supplement treatments, except pectin, reduced total cholesterol by an average of 71 ± 19 mg/dL in comparison to lovastatin (143 ± 21 mg/dL). Serum LDL cholesterol was reduced maximally (17-22%) by several supplements alone or in combination compared to control (8%). Phytosterols produced the most significant and consistent reduction in LDL cholesterol, while the combination of supplements did not result in additive or synergistic LDL cholesterol reductions. Caloric restriction (CR) modulates serum lipids. We showed that a 50% calorie restriction effectively reduces several factors of increased CVD risk including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and the concentration of several lipoproteins independent of the studied atherogenic diets.