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Microseismic monitoring is the most accurate and timely method for reservoir fracturing and the most abundant means of monitoring information. Microseismic monitoring can be divided into surface and borehole monitoring according to the sensor layout. In this study, microseismic surface and in-well monitoring results are obtained simultaneously during the hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells in Western Hubei. The positioning characteristics, the number of events, monitoring energy, and spatial attributes of the two microseismic monitoring methods on the surface and in wells are compared and analyzed accurately and quantitatively; This study compares and analyzes the effects of the two methods in terms of the tracking and positioning of reservoir fracturing and the direction and size of fracture development and objectively evaluates the effects of fracturing engineering. Through comparative research, we found that the seismic wave attributes, fracture parameter information, and the interpretation of the fracturing process in the well microseismic fracturing monitoring results can more closely, accurately, and clearly reflect the fracture length, fracture height, and real-time extension of formation fractures in the fracturing process.