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Rather than ma king assessments on an event-by-event basis after damage has been caused, a global loss-and-damage fund needs to assess in advance which areas will be most hit by climate-change impacts, guided by models of physical risks. There are three key steps: assessing how much climate change is affecting loss and damage in locations around the world; devising fair criteria for calculating payments to cope with the effects of global heating; and developing a trusted mechanism for managing the fund. Weather monitoring will need to be funded around the globe to support loss-and-damage calculations, as well as early warning systems and nowcasting (local forecasts up to six hours in advance) to limit damage and casualties. [...]long-term trends in economicsand emissions should be built into the mechanism, to allow for economic changes and the cascading impacts of disasters.