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Alkyl-4-quinolones (AQs) are natural compounds synthesized by bacteria. Members of this group are known quorum-sensing molecules. Other biological functions, such as anti-bacterial, anti-algal, antifungal, and anti-malaria activities have also been reported. The synthetic pathways of AQs have been validated in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Five genes (
pqsA–E
) are involved in the synthesis of 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone (HHQ). To synthesize HHQ in a microbial system,
pqsA–E
genes were introduced into
Escherichia coli
and HHQ and 2-methyl-4(1H)-quinolone (MHQ) were synthesized. After the copy number, construct promoters, and substrate supplements were optimized, 141.3 mg/L MHQ and 242.8 mg/L HHQ were synthesized.