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The results of the analysis of the variability of the concentration of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), as well as the values of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), in a 5-mile transect perpendicular to the coastline of Golubaya Bay (Gelendzhik), in April–November 2012, are presented. It is shown that the maximum oxygen content during the study period in most cases is observed in the thermocline layer or immediately below it, and the minimal values of AOU (negative values reflecting the maximal photosynthetic oxygen release) are above the thermocline. The maximum content of Chl-a is most often at a depth of 10 to 20 m; i.e., in spring and summer, for the most part, it is located within the thermocline, and in autumn, above it. It is shown that the oxygen content in the upper water layer is largely determined by the solubility of the gas in the sea water at the given temperature and salinity. Biological processes of oxygen release and consumption (production and destruction of organic matter) have a lesser effect on its seasonal dynamics in the upper layer. In the water layer under the thermocline, the AOU can serve as an indicator of destructive processes.