Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Schoeman, Anneke L.
• Preez, Louis H.
• Kmentová, Nikol
• Vanhove, Maarten P. M.

Titel

A monogenean parasite reveals the widespread translocation of the African clawed frog in its native range

Ist Teil von

• The Journal of applied ecology, 2022-11, Vol.59 (11), p.2670-2687

Ort / Verlag

Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2022

Quelle

Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• The management of bio‐invasions relies upon the development of methods to trace their origin and expansion. Cointroduced parasites, especially monogenean flatworms, are ideal tags for the movement of their hosts due to their short generations, direct life cycles and host specificity. However, they are yet to be applied to trace the intraspecific movement of host lineages in their native ranges. As proof of this concept, we conducted a comparative phylogeographic analysis based upon two mitochondrial markers of a globally invasive frog Xenopus laevis and its monogenean parasite Protopolystoma xenopodis in its native range in southern Africa and invasive range in Europe. Translocation of lineages was largely masked in the frog's phylogeography. However, incongruent links between host and parasite phylogeography indicated host switches from one host lineage to another after these were brought into contact in the native range. Thus, past translocation of host lineages is revealed by the invasion success of its cointroduced parasite lineage. This study demonstrates that parasite data can serve as an independent line of evidence in invasion biology, also on the intraspecific level, shedding light on previously undetected invasion dynamics. Based upon the distribution of these invasive parasite lineages, we infer that there is widespread anthropogenic translocation of this frog, not only via official export routes, but also facilitated by the frog's use as live bait by angling communities. Synthesis and applications. Data from cointroduced, host‐specific parasites, as tags for translocation, can add value to investigations in invasion biology and conservation. A better understanding of the translocation history and resulting genetic mixing of host and parasite lineages in the native range can shed light on the genetic make‐up of parasite assemblages cointroduced to the invasive range. Knowledge of the intraspecific movement of different lineages of animals in their native ranges also has conservation implications, since contact between divergent lineages of hosts and parasites can facilitate host switches and altered parasite dynamics in both native and invasive populations. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of parasite data as a more holistic approach to the invasion ecology of animals on the intraspecific level. Opsomming Die bestuur van bio‐indringings maak staat op die ontwikkeling van metodes wat hulle oorsprong en uitbreiding naspeur. Ko‐ingevoerde parasiete, veral monogeneërplatwurms, is ideale merkers van die beweging van hulle gashere as gevolg van hulle kort generasies, direkte lewensiklusse en gasheerspesifisiteit. Tog is hulle nog nooit aangewend om die intraspesifieke beweging van gasheerstamlyne in hulle inheemse gebiede na te speur nie. As bewys van hierdie konsep het ons ‘n vergelykende filogeografiese analise uitgevoer, gebaseer op twee mitochondriese merkers van ‘n wêreldwye indringerpadda Xenopus laevis en sy monogeneërparasiet Protopolystoma xenopodis in sy inheemse gebied in Suidelike Afrika en indringergebied in Europa. Die verplasing van stamlyne was grotendeels in die padda se filogeografie verberg. Inkongruente skakels tussen die filogeografie van die gasheer en die parasiet het egter gasheerwisseling van een gasheerstamlyn na ‘n ander aangedui, wat die gevolg van kontak tussen die stamlyne binne die inheemse gebied is. Dus word geskiedkundige verplasing van die gasheerstamlyne deur die indringersukses van die ko‐ingevoerde parasietstamlyn ontbloot. Hierdie studie stel parasietdata as ‘n onafhanklike bewyslyn in indringerbiologie ten toon, ook op die intraspesifieke vlak, wat lig werp op voorheen onbespeurde indringerdinamiek. Op grond van die verspreiding van hierdie indringerparasietstamlyne lei ons af dat daar wydverspreide mensbemiddelde verplasing van hierdie padda is wat nie slegs via amptelike uitvoerroetes plaasvind nie, maar ook deur die padda se gebruik as lewende aas deur hengelgemeenskappe voortgehelp word. Samevatting en toepassings. Data vanaf ko‐ingevoerde, gasheerspesifieke parasiete, as merkers vir verplasing, kan waarde toevoeg tot ondersoeke in indringerbiologie en bewaring. ‘n Beter begrip van die verplasingsgeskiedenis en vooruitspruitende genetiese vermenging van gasheer‐ en parasietstamlyne in die inheemse gebied kan lig werp op die genetiese samestelling van parasietversamelings wat saam na die indringergebied ingevoer is. Kennis van die intraspesifieke beweging van verskillende stamlyne van diere in hulle inheemse gebiede het ook bewaringsimplikasies, aangesien kontak tussen uiteenlopende gasheer‐ en parasietstamlyne gasheerwisseling en gewysigde parasietdinamiek in beide die inheemse en uitheemse bevolkings kan bemiddel. Dus stel ons die insluiting van parasietdata voor as ‘n meer omvattende benadering tot die indringerekologie van diere op die intraspesievlak. Data from cointroduced, host‐specific parasites, as tags for translocation, can add value to investigations in invasion biology and conservation. A better understanding of the translocation history and resulting genetic mixing of host and parasite lineages in the native range can shed light on the genetic make‐up of parasite assemblages cointroduced to the invasive range. Knowledge of the intraspecific movement of different lineages of animals in their native ranges also has conservation implications, since contact between divergent lineages of hosts and parasites can facilitate host switches and altered parasite dynamics in both native and invasive populations. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of parasite data as a more holistic approach to the invasion ecology of animals on the intraspecific level.