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Cumulative Racial and Ethnic Disparities Along the School-to-Prison Pipeline
Ist Teil von
The journal of research in crime and delinquency, 2022-08, Vol.59 (5), p.574-626
Ort / Verlag
Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications
Erscheinungsjahr
2022
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Alma/SFX Local Collection
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Objectives
Using the cumulative disadvantage theoretical framework, the current study explores whether school suspension and expulsion provide an indirect path through which race and ethnicity affect the likelihood of experiencing arrest, any incarceration, and long-term incarceration in adulthood.
Methods
To address these issues, we use data from Waves I, II, and IV of the Add Health survey (N = 14,484), and we employ generalized multilevel structural equation models and parametric regression methods using counterfactual definitions to estimate direct and indirect pathways.
Results
We observe that Black (but not Latinx) individuals are consistently more likely than White persons to experience exclusionary school discipline and criminal justice involvement. However, we find a path through which race and Latinx ethnicity indirectly affect the odds of adulthood arrest and incarceration through school discipline.
Conclusions
Disparate exposure to school suspension and expulsion experienced by minority youth contributes to racial and ethnic inequalities in justice system involvement. By examining indirect paths to multiple criminal justice consequences along a continuum of punitiveness, this study shows how discipline amplifies cumulative disadvantage during adulthood for Black and, to a lesser extent, Latinx individuals who are disproportionately funneled through the “school-to-prison pipeline.”