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The microstructure and microchemistry of the oxide scale formed on a Ni-Co-based superalloy after oxidation at 900 °C in air for 100 h were investigated by multiscale characterization techniques. Results show that a continuous surface oxide scale forms, together with internal oxides preferentially along the grain boundaries. TEM and TKD analysis reveals that the grain boundary oxides are mainly composed of equiaxed nano-sized Al2Ti7O15. A large number of plane defects are observed in Al2Ti7O15, which could work as fast-diffusion paths for the inward diffusion of oxygen, contributing to the preferential grain boundary oxidation.
•A Ni-Co-based superalloy is oxidized in air at 900 ℃.•Grain boundaries are preferentially oxidized.•The grain boundary oxides are mainly Al2Ti7O15.•Many plane defects are observed in Al2Ti7O15.