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Navigation of nanoparticles to target sites of blood flow disturbance markedly upgrades the diagnostic paradigm in vascular medicine. The theranostic treatment of pre‐stenotic vessels can prevent the irreversible occlusion process effectively. Here, these nanotheranostic functions are established by displaying CDK9(cyclin‐dependent kinase 9)‐targeting peptide (P.) onto nanovesicles (NV) and liposomes using the navigation function and subsequent binding‐on signaling of P. as a game‐changer. When rabbit vessels are allografted with injecting contrast‐loaded P. liposomes, the case‐dependent stenotic degree after 2–6 weeks can be diagnosed accurately within 2–4 days via computed tomography imaging with cross‐validation in a mouse model of partial carotid ligation. Furthermore, the anti‐CDK9 signaling of P. NV is activated post‐targeting and effectively prevents vascular stenosis by suppressing inflammation and lipotoxicity in the vessels, serum, and/or liver. CDK9 targeting is confirmed using computer, in vitro, and in vivo models. This study demonstrates an unprecedented nanotheranostic function for future clinical applications.
The disturbed flow‐sensing peptide plays a game‐changer role in guiding diagnosis and treatment of pre‐stenotic vessels as a theranostic navigator. Displaying the peptide on nanoparticles enables accurate prediction of vascular stenosis with subsequent prevention of vascular remodeling through multi‐organ targeting. The results from rabbit, mouse, and in vitro models validates an unprecedented nanotheranostic function for the future medicine.