Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• אורנשטיין, זיו
• Orenstein, Ziv

Titel

התמודדות הקהילות המוסלמיות בבריטניה ובגרמניה עם סוגית הרדיקליזציה במאה ה-21

Ort / Verlag

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses

Erscheinungsjahr

2018

Quelle

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• This study examines the work of the Muslim communities in Britain and Germany against violent radicalization based on two concepts, radicalization and Securitization. Radicalization is defined as Islamic violent extremism, while Securitization is its official countermeasures. The two phenomena feed each other, causing constant deterioration of inter-communal relations.The Muslim activity against radicalization and securitization analysis brought here is twotiered. First, the activities of Muslim umbrella organizations in Britain and Germany, the most politically powerful entities in the communities, is presented. In recent decades, they have become the strongest and most important intermediary between communities and governments. As a result, they were transformed into an official representative of Muslims and Islam. Next, groups, organizations and local / small initiatives that are not part of mainstream communities are analyzed. Despite their meager political power, they are the basis for the struggle against extremism, and they operate a variety of local and communal programs for dealing with adolescents or adults who leans toward radicalization or already are. This study presents how various Islamic religious streams and outlooks contribute to the struggle against radicalization: Salafis alongside atheists, conservatives and modernists.The threat to Muslim communities from continued radicalization and securitization is tremendous, with public discourse in the West focuses on Muslims and Islam, and becoming hostile. However, many of the Muslims in the countries surveyed are unwilling to discuss the matter publicly. Even fewer are willing to combat these two phenomena. On the one hand, the strong umbrella organizations are not acting decisively to neutralize radicalization, but rather content themselves with their failed struggle against securitization. On the other hand, the small organizations and initiatives are unable to become "real" representatives of the communities,because they lack political power and are often attacked by the umbrella organizations. Their limited resources do not enable them to deal with the umbrella organizations effectively in representing the Muslims in the country, as well as impose their spiritual and political doctrine upon them. Therefore, they focus on the struggle against extremism in their immediate environment, and act as a kind of local "first aid" against it. Despite many successes, few in the public are familiar with their work, so their work is not being able to stop further securitization so far.This work is based on written and digital primary sources such as websites, videos, forums, blogs and social networking sites. Along with them, the work is based on books, articles, opinion columns, professional reviews, and interviews and interviews with Muslim and other experts and activists. The research is divided into three parts. The first part, the introduction, includes two chapters. The first chapter briefly reviews the rise of radical Islam at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, alongside theoretical discussion in key terms: Radicalization and Securitization. The second chapter presents the reader with the history of the Muslim communities in Britain in Germany from the Middle Ages to the 21st century.