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A new collaborative literary history of Europe and its global connections in the period 1545-1659 aims to provide a common and expansive forum for these separate efforts, and integrate them with work on what have been marginalized as minority or peripheral literary cultures.1 EALH 1545-1659 is a successor to David Wallace's brilliantly conceived Europe: A Literary History, 1348-1418, but uses a modified methodology.2 Wallace traced nine different cross-border itineraries in order to map the literary terrain. What was the relationship between the literary object-in- circulation, and a world characterized by actors at the time in terms of diversity, division, and divergence? "Diversity" could have positive connotations in authors such as Montaigne, if not exactly those it now has in progressive political circles. A narrative frequently used at the time in European discourse to capture this moment of perceived confusion and dispersal, as the apparent diversification and divergence of the world's languages, opinions, and customs overwhelmed the literary record and the consumer of literarily mediated information and truths, was the Old Testament story of the Tower of Babel. Information pours into Europe in written and visual forms about the peoples and languages of the Americas, and controversies get underway about their status, resulting in new forms of cultural hierarchy.3 In still greater quantity, information about the history, customs, politics, and culture of the Ottoman Empire, and its conflicts with European powers, begins to flood the literary market.