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Bi, Fe, and Ti ternary co-doped ZrO2 nanocomposites as a mass spectrometry matrix for the determination of bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A in tea
Bi, Fe, and Ti ternary co-doped ZrO
2
(BFT-ZrO
2
) nanocomposites have been prepared by a sol-gel process and used as both adsorbent and matrix for the enrichment and determination of small molecules by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The BFT-ZrO
2
nanocomposites not only can selectively enrich a wide variety of low-mass toxic pollutants but can also be used as an excellent matrix to enhance the laser desorption/ionization efficiency with low background noise and uniform co-crystalline film. Low limits of detection (LODs) (0.1 pg mL
−1
for bisphenol A (BPA), 2 pg mL
−1
for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 0.1 pg mL
−1
for alizarin (AZ), 0.001 pg mL
−1
for bisphenol S (BPS), 0.01 pg mL
−1
for indigo blue (ID), 0.01 pg mL
−1
for pentachlorophenol (PCP), 100 pg mL
−1
for estradiol (E2), 0.001 pg mL
−1
for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 0.1 pg mL
−1
for crystal violet (CV), 1 pg mL
−1
for malachite green (MG), 0.01 pg mL
−1
for rhodamine B (RhB), and 0.01 pg mL
−1
for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were achieved. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of shot-to-shot are 9.4–24% and of sample-to-sample 5.2–17%. The BFT-ZrO
2
matrix was successfully applied to the determination of TBBPA and BPA in tea samples. This method shows a new strategy for determination of toxic compounds in tea.
Graphical abstract