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Scaling up reliable tests quickly has proved challenging, too: early RT-PCR tests developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention malfunctioned, for example, leading to a series of delays. Beyond PCR Tests for the coronavirus fall into two broad categories: those that detect genetic material from the virus or molecules on its surface, which are used to diagnose whether a person has an active infection, and those that pick up on the presence of antibodies, revealing whether someone has been infected and has developed an immune response to the virus. Antibody tests have limited diagnostic use: if a person is tested early in the course of infection, when their immune response is still building up, the test might not detect antibodies. Because the technique doesn't need special instruments, it can be used in the field and in regions that lack advanced equipment, including remote areas and refugee camps, says Vicent Pelechano, a genomics expert at the Karolínska Institute in Stockholm, who co-developed a LAMP-based assay for SARS-CoV-2.