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A general explanatory framework for the social processes underpinning urbanisation should account for empirical regularities that are shared among contemporary urban systems and ancient settlement systems known throughout archaeology and history. The identification of such shared properties has been facilitated by research traditions in each field that define cities and settlements as areas that capture networks of social interaction embedded in space. Using Settlement Scaling Theory (SST) – a set of hypotheses and mathematical relationships that together generate predictions for how measurable quantitative attributes of settlements are related to their population size – we show that aggregate properties of ancient settlement systems and contemporary metropolitan systems scale up in similar ways across time, geography and culture. Settlement scaling theory thus provides a unified framework for understanding and predicting these regularities across time and space, and for identifying putative processes common to all human settlements.
支撑城市化的社会过程的一般解释框架应该考虑到在考古学和历史学中已知的当代城市系统和古代住区系统之间共同的经验规律。这些共同特征的确定得益于一些存在于每个领域的研究传统，这些传统将城市和住区定义为包含了嵌入空间的社会互动网络的区域。住区规模理论(SST)是一组假设和数学关系，其共同产生了住区可测量的数量属性与其人口规模之间关系的预测。应用该理论，我们表明古代住区体系和当代大都市体系的总体属性在时间、地理和文化上以相似的方式扩大。因此，住区规模理论提供了一个统一的框架来理解和预测这些跨时间和空间的规律，并确定所有人类住区共有的假定过程。