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Policy feedback refers to the variety of ways in which existing policies can shape key aspects of politics and policymaking. Originating in historical institutionalism, the study of policy feedback has expanded to address resource and interpretative effects on target populations and mass publics, the roles of policy elites, and how feedback effects are conditioned by policy designs and larger institutional contexts. Recently, more attention has also been paid to feedback effects that are not self‐reinforcing in nature. This introduction provides a nonexhaustive review of the existing historical institutionalist literature on policy feedback as well as introducing the contributions to the special issue. The diversity of policy feedback scholarship is reflected in manuscripts building from the social constructions framework and the thermostatic model. Advances in research are captured in contributions empirically testing different forms of feedback, varied strategies of policy elites to shape feedback, and how context may suppress feedback effects. The special issue emphasizes critical, understudied dimensions shaping feedback processes, such as race, and the role of organizations. A major lacuna in policy feedback scholarship, the overwhelming emphasis on the United States, must be addressed through more comparative and international research including closer dialogs between U.S.‐based and non‐U.S. scholars.
政策反馈是指既有政策塑造政治和决策的关键方面的各种方式。源于历史制度主义，政策反馈方面的研究已经拓展到如下几个方面：针对目标人群和普通民众的资源效应和解释效应，政策精英所发挥的作用，以及政策设计和更大的制度背景是如何制约反馈效应的。近来，人们也越来越关注本质上并非自我强化的反馈效应。本绪论对现有的关于政策反馈的历史制度主义文献进行了非详尽的回顾，并介绍了这些文献对该特刊的贡献。政策反馈文献的多样性体现在这些建立在社会建构框架和“温度调节器模型”的文章中。通过实证检验政策反馈的不同形式，政策精英塑造反馈的不同策略，以及其背景因素如何抑制反馈效应，这些文章推动了政策反馈的研究进展。该特刊强调了影响反馈过程的几个重要却仍研究不足的方面，如种族和组织的作用。我们需要注意到政策反馈文献中的一个重大缺陷，即对美国环境的过于重视，这必须通过更多的国际比较研究来解决，如加强美国和非美国学者之间更密切的对话。