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•Flexible three-dimensional graphene aerogels were designed for H2S oxidation.•Graphene sheets with rich surface chemistry are contributed to O2 activation.•Interconnected 2D graphene sheets greatly improves the product storage space.•The desulfurization mechanism of graphene aerogels is proposed.
Room-temperature catalytic oxidation of H2S has emerged as an intriguing solution to the H2S elimination, but is currently challenged by desulfurizers’ low capacity. Herein, three-dimensional alkaline graphene aerogels are prepared and demonstrated to be highly efficient catalysts for H2S oxidation, achieving 3.19 g/g of breakthrough capacity. Such high sulfur capacity is attributed to the interconnected graphene network consisting of graphene sheets, providing more product storehouse compared with traditional porous carbons. Further, a radical-induced reaction pathway of H2S oxidation is proposed that oxygen molecules could be activated to form superoxide radicals merely on graphene, which induces the dissociated HS− oxidation to sulfur. The characterization results also uncover that the formed sulfur goes through a process of nucleation and growth on graphene sheets. The current work could provide critical insights into the behavior of H2S oxidation and therefore offers a novel route of developing catalysts with large sulfur capacity at room temperature.