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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre-weaned native calves in the Republic of Korea
Ist Teil von
Parasitology research (1987), 2019-12, Vol.118 (12), p.3509-3517
Ort / Verlag
Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erscheinungsjahr
2019
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
SpringerLink
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Cryptosporidium
spp. and
Giardia duodenalis
are protozoan parasites that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Molecular data on
Cryptosporidium
spp. and
G. duodenalis
in calves in the Republic of Korea (ROK) is limited; thus, we investigated the prevalence of
Cryptosporidium
and
Giardia
in pre-weaned calves, analyzed the association between these parasites and diarrhea, and identified their zoonotic potential for human infection. Fecal samples were collected from 315 pre-weaned calves aged 1–60 days from 10 different regions in the ROK and screened for
Cryptosporidium
spp. and
G. duodenalis
using PCR. Overall prevalence of
Cryptosporidium
spp. and
G. duodenalis
was 4.4% (
n
= 14) and 12.7% (
n
= 40), respectively. Co-infection was not detected. All
Cryptosporidium
-positive samples were identified as
C. parvum
after sequence analysis of a small subunit rRNA fragment and further subtyped into zoonotic IIaA15G2R1 (
n
= 13) and IIaA18G3R1 (
n
= 1) by DNA sequencing of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of
C. parvum
IIaA15G2R1 subtype in calves in the ROK. Based on β-giardin (
bg
) gene,
G. duodenalis
–positive samples belonged to assemblages E (
n
= 36) and A (
n
= 4), with the latter belonging to subtype A1, the zoonotic genotype. Six subtypes of assemblage E were identified at the
bg
locus: E1 (
n
= 6), E2 (
n
= 3), E3 (
n
= 13), E5 (
n
= 1), E8 (
n
= 1), and E11 (
n
= 1). The occurrence of
C. parvum
and
G. duodenalis
was not associated with diarrhea in pre-weaned Korean native calves. The present results suggest that the prevalence of
C. parvum
is not related to calf age; in contrast, the prevalence of
G. duodenalis
was significantly higher in 41–50-day-old calves (odds ratio = 9.90, 95% confidence interval 2.37–41.34;
P
= 0.001) than in 1–10-day-old calves. Therefore, calves are a potential source of zoonotic transmission, which may have significant public health implications.