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This paper attempts to examine Taylorism and the development of Human Resources Management (HRM) in Japan. It looks at the translation of Taylor's works, books based on his ideas, and direct applications of 'Scientific Manage ment' as well as the later work of practitioners promoting their diffusion in Japanese enterprises. It concludes that imported Taylorism was an important factor in the development of what most observers have held to be a uniquely indigenous Japanese system of organization and management, and that late Tay lorism may have been the bridge to Total Quality Management (TQM) in the post-war period. Japan's clear contribution, it concludes, was to absorb and adapt such imported concepts and practices in an 'organization-oriented' rather than a 'market-oriented' context.