Environmental toxicology, 2019-06, Vol.34 (6), p.689-698
2019
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- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- Apoptotic effects of cigarette smoke extracts on mouse embryonic stem cells via oxidative stress
- Ist Teil von
- Environmental toxicology, 2019-06, Vol.34 (6), p.689-698
- Ort / Verlag
- Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2019
- Quelle
- MEDLINE
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- Abstarct Previous studies have reported that cigarette smoke and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) have negative effects on embryonic development. However, no studies have investigated the mechanism through which CSE affects the cellular signaling pathway leading to apoptosis and oxidative stress in embryonic cells, or how the two pathways are cross‐linked. Thus, we studied the effects of CSE on apoptosis and oxidative stress in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Specifically, we measured changes in cell viability in response to CSEs (3R4F and two domestic cigarettes CSE 1 and 2) using a water soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay and a neutral red uptake (NRU) assay, which revealed that cell viability decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 was decreased and that of p21 and p27 was increased by CSE. Additionally, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL)‐stained cells was increased by CSE, while the levels of Bax and Caspase‐3 increased and Bcl‐2 decreased. Moreover, a 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF‐DA) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐Glo H2O2 assay confirmed that ROS were generated in response to CSE and that they were associated with up‐regulated Keaf‐1 and CHOP. Overall, the results revealed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) inhibited cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle‐related protein expression and increased oxidative stress by regulating the expression of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap‐1) and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), resulting in apoptosis in mESCs.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 1520-4081eISSN: 1522-7278DOI: 10.1002/tox.22735Titel-ID: cdi_proquest_journals_2221199018
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- Animals, Apoptosis, Apoptosis - drug effects, Assaying, BAX protein, Caspase, Cell cycle, Cell proliferation, Cell Proliferation - drug effects, Cell Survival - drug effects, Cell viability, Cells, Cultured, Cigarette smoke, cigarette smoke extract, Cigarettes, Cyclin D1, DNA nucleotidylexotransferase, Embryo cells, Embryogenesis, Embryonic development, Homology, Humans, Hydrogen peroxide, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Mice, mouse embryonic stem cells, Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells - drug effects, Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells - metabolism, Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells - pathology, Nicotiana - toxicity, Oxidative stress, Oxidative Stress - drug effects, Proliferation, Proteins, Reactive oxygen species, Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism, Signal transduction, Smoke, Smoke - adverse effects, Smoking, Smoking - adverse effects, Stem cell transplantation, Stem cells, Tobacco smoke, Tobacco Smoke Pollution - adverse effects, Uptake