Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Herlambang, Suryono
• Leitner, Helga
• Tjung, Liong Ju
• Sheppard, Eric
• Anguelov, Dimitar

Titel

Jakarta’s great land transformation: Hybrid neoliberalisation and informality

Ist Teil von

• Urban studies (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2019-03, Vol.56 (4), p.627-648

Ort / Verlag

London, England: Sage Publications, Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2019

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

PAIS Index

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• We analyse dramatic land transformations in the greater Jakarta metropolitan area since 1988: large-scale private-sector development projects in central city and peri-urban locations. These transformations are shaped both by Jakarta’s shifting conjunctural positionality within global political economic processes and by Indonesia’s hybrid political economy. While influenced by neoliberalisation, Indonesia’s political economy is a hybrid formation, in which neoliberalisation coevolves with long-standing, resilient oligarchic power structures and contestations by the urban majority. Three persistent features shape these transformations: the predominance of large Indonesian conglomerates’ development arms and stand-alone developers; the shaping role of elite informal networks connecting the development industry with state actors; and steadily increasing foreign involvement and investment in the development industry, accelerating recently. We identify three eras characterised by distinct types of urban transformation. Under autocratic neoliberalising urbanism (1988–1997) peri-urban shopping centre development predominated, with large Indonesian developers taking advantage of close links with the Suharto family. The increased indebtedness of these firms became debilitating after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Thus post-Suharto democratic neoliberalising urbanism (1998–2005) was a period of minimal investment, except for shopping centres in DKI Jakarta facilitating a consumption-led strategy of recovery from 1997, and the active restructuring of elite informality. Rescaled neoliberalising urbanism (2006–present) saw the recovery of major developers, renewed access to finance, including foreign capital, and the construction of ever-more spectacular integrated superblock developments in DKI Jakarta and peri-urban new towns. 我们分析了自 1988 年以来雅加达大都市区发生的剧烈土地变迁：中心城市和城郊地区的大型私营部门开发项目。这些转变受到了雅加达在全球政治经济进程中不断变化的交汇位置和印度尼西亚混合型政治经济的影响。虽然受新自由化的影响，但印度尼西亚的政治经济是一个混合型的形态，新自由化与大多数城市长期存在的、富有韧性的寡头力量结构和竞争共同发展。三大持续性特征塑造了这些转变：印度尼西亚大型企业集团的开发部门和独立开发商的支配性优势；将开发业与国家行为者联系起来的精英非正式网络的塑造作用；外资对开发业的参与和投资稳步增加，尤其近期加速增长。我们确定了三个以不同类型城市转型为特征的时代。专制式新自由化城市规划期（1988-1997），城郊购物中心开发占主导，此时印度尼西亚大型开发商利用了与苏哈托家族的密切联系。1997 年亚洲金融危机之后，这些公司因债务增加而变得脆弱。因此，后苏哈托民主新自由化城市规划期（1998-2005）是一个最小投资时期，可资一提的只有雅加达的购物中心促进了从 1997 年开始的消费主导型复苏策略，以及精英非正式性的积极重组。重新调整的新自由化城市规划期（2006 年至今）见证了主要开发商的复苏，包括外资在内的融资渠道重新建立，以及在雅加达和城郊新城镇建设更加壮观的超大型综合开发项目。