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α−MnO2 and Co-doped α−MnO2 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structural characterization by XRD revealed the tetragonal structure of α−MnO2. The formation of one dimensional (1D) NWs of pure and Co-doped α−MnO2 was confirmed from SEM. From UV-Vis absorption spectra, it is found that both pure and Co-doped α−MnO2 NWs showed blue shift compared to bulk, which revealed the quantum confinement in the synthesized samples. The magnetic properties were analyzed by VSM, which suggest that pure and doped α−MnO2 exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (RT).