Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Lee, Jieun
• Vojnovic, Igor
• Grady, Sue C

Titel

The ‘transportation disadvantaged’: Urban form, gender and automobile versus non-automobile travel in the Detroit region

Ist Teil von

• Urban studies (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2018-08, Vol.55 (11), p.2470-2498

Ort / Verlag

London, England: Sage Publications, Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2018

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

PAIS Index

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Urban decentralisation in the USA during the past five decades has created an automobile-dependent landscape characterised by low-densities, largely single-use zoning and disconnected street networks. Longer distances between dispersing destinations, resulting from urban decentralisation, negatively affects the mobility of socially disadvantaged groups, including women, minorities and lower-income populations. Furthermore, the urban poor and minorities in communities experiencing severe disinvestment and decline, as evident in Detroit, suffer from greater transportation burdens in accessing basic necessities, such as employment and shopping. This study explores gendered travel patterns in six neighbourhoods within the Detroit region, including neighbourhoods experiencing severe disinvestment and decline. This analysis into the gendered dimensions of travel, with a particular focus placed on women, involves a full array of trips, including work and non-work. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis and ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) were used to further examine gender differences by childcare responsibility in an extensive array of disaggregated travel, including trips to work, shopping and personal services, restaurant visits and leisure destinations. This study reconfirms that the traditional gender role is reflected in women’s daily travel. It also reveals the burdens of travel placed on women living in racially segregated and socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods experiencing extreme disinvestment and decline. In addition, the research shows the importance of class and race in shaping travel behaviour. 过去五十年来，美国的城市去中心化造成了一种依赖汽车的格局，其特征是低密度、很大程度上单一用途的分区和相互不连通的街道网络。城市去中心化导致的各个分散化的目的地之间交通距离更长，对包括妇女、少数族群和低收入人群在内的社会弱势群体的流动产生了消极影响。此外，在底特律这样经历严重的负投资和衰落过程的城市，城市贫困人口和少数族群在获取工作机会和购物等基本必需品方面遭遇了更大的交通压力。本研究考察了底特律地区六个居住区不同性别人群的出行模式，包括经历严重负投资和衰落的居住区。对出行的性别化维度的分析，尤其是对女性出行模式的分析，涉及全面的出行需求，包括工作出行和非工作出行。我们运用 OLS（普通最小平方）回归分析和 ANCOVA（共变分析）来进一步考察在一系列分散型出行中不同性别在儿童照料责任方面的差异，包括工作出行、购物和个人服务出行、餐馆和休闲目的地出行。本研究印证了传统的性别分工反映在妇女的日常出行中。它也揭示，在经历了严重负投资和衰落的街区，生活在种族区隔、社会经济弱势状况下的妇女遭受出行压力。此外，本研究表明了阶层和种族在塑造出行行为方面的重要性。