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Mice were culled when the maximum length of the tumour reached 11 mm. In other MRT experiments, dorsal skinflaps and EMT-6.5 tumours were irradiated and tissues collected for immunohistochemical studies at different time points over the following 5 days. Immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated ãH2AX (a surrogate marker for DNA DSBs) demonstrated nuclear localisation within cells situated in zones through the tissues that correlated well with microbeam spacing. ãH2AX-positive cells were readily detectable from 6hrs to at least 4 days post MRT, suggesting that cells receiving very high levels of radiation fail to repair all DNA double strand breaks.