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The goal of this study was to identify soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors from plants. Our efforts led to the isolation of nine phenolic glycosides
1
–
9
from the roots of
Polygala tenuifolia
Willd. The structures of compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including mass spectroscopy and one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and compared with published data. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against sEH. The IC
50
values for inhibition ranged 6.4 ± 0.4 to 27.2 ± 0.3 µM. Inhibitors
2
–
9
were confirmed the interaction with receptor as competitive type. Molecular docking demonstrated that inhibitors
2
–
9
could bind sufficiently to the right pocket. Additionally, potential inhibitors (
5
,
6
, and
8
) were confirmed to show the flexible movement with the protein in these sites of receptor.