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In this paper, we study the singularities of pairs in arbitrary characteristic via jet schemes. For a smooth variety
X
in characteristic 0, Ein, Lazarsfeld and Mustaţǎ showed that there is a correspondence between irreducible closed cylinders and divisorial valuations on
X
. Via this correspondence, one can relate the codimension of a cylinder to the log discrepancy of the corresponding divisorial valuation. We now extend this result to positive characteristic. In particular, we prove Mustaţǎ’s log canonical threshold formula avoiding the use of log resolutions, making the formula available also in positive characteristic. As a consequence, we get a comparison theorem via reduction modulo
p
and a version of inversion of adjunction in positive characteristic.