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This paper describes for the first time the synthesis and microbiological assessment of some new β-lactam derivatives containing a 1,8-naphthalimide functional group. These compounds were obtained through a [2 + 2] cyclocondensation (Staudinger reaction) of a ketene derived from 2-(1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl) acetic acid (Alrestatin) and various N-arylimines. The reaction was totally diastereoselective leading exclusively to the formation of
trans
-β-lactam adducts
3a–l
, which were characterized by FT-Infra Red,
1
H NMR,
13
C NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analyses, and X-ray crystallography, and then individually evaluated for antibacterial and antimalarial activities. Two of the β-lactams,
3c
and
3l
, afforded IC
50
values of 3 and 5 µM, respectively, against
Plasmodium falciparum
K1 resistant strain.