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The main focus of this paper is on the analysis and integrated design of \mathcal {L}_2 observer-based fault detection (FD) systems for discrete-time nonlinear industrial processes. To gain a deeper insight into this FD framework, the existence condition is introduced first. Then, an integrated design of \mathcal {L}_2 observer-based FD approach is realized by solving the proposed existence condition with the aid of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy dynamic modeling technique and piecewise-fuzzy Lyapunov functions. Most importantly, a weighted piecewise-fuzzy observer-based residual generator is proposed, aiming at achieving an optimal integration of residual evaluation and threshold computation into FD systems. The core of this approach is to make use of the knowledge provided by fuzzy models of each local region and then to weight the local residual signal by means of different weighting factors. In comparison with the standard norm-based fuzzy observer-based FD methods, the proposed scheme may lead to a significant improvement of the FD performance. In the end, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical example and a case study on the laboratory setup of continuous stirred tank heater plant.