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The Price of Legal Institutions: The Beratlı Merchants in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire
Ist Teil von
The Journal of economic history, 2015-09, Vol.75 (3), p.720-748
Ort / Verlag
New York, USA: Cambridge University Press
Erscheinungsjahr
2015
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Alma/SFX Local Collection
Beschreibungen/Notizen
In the eighteenth century, European embassies in the Ottoman Empire started selling exemption licenses called berats, which granted non-Muslim Ottomans tax exemptions and the option to use European law. I construct a novel price panel for British and French licenses based on primary sources. The evidence reveals that prices were significantly high and varied across countries. Agents acquired multiple berats to enhance their legal options, which they exploited through strategic court switching. By the early 1800s, berat holders had driven other groups from European-Ottoman trade.