Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Flick, U.

Titel

LE SUJET FACE A LA TECHNIQUE : RÉFLEXIONS MÉTHODOLOGIQUES SUR LES REPRÉSENTATIONS SOCIALES DES CHANGEMENTS TECHNIQUES DANS LA VIE QUOTIDIENNE

Ist Teil von

• Travail humain (Paris), 1992-01, Vol.55 (4), p.313-327

Ort / Verlag

Paris: Presses Universitaires de France

Erscheinungsjahr

1992

Quelle

Alma/SFX Local Collection

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Methodological reflections concerning a more generally orientated reflection of technique in psychology that starts with the role of technique in professional life are presented in this article on two backgrounds : On one hand, in psychology, a lack of dealing with questions of technique as a general problem has recently been stated. On the other hand, in the current discussions on the sociology of technique, which has been focusing the relations of, for example, technique and everyday life in such a more general manner, a lack of clear and elaborate scientific concepts of « technique » has been stated. Everyday knowledge (« first-order concepts » according to Alfred Schütz) on technique and technical change in everyday life is suggested here as a research topic which can furnish a basis for developing scientific (« second-order ») concepts of technique. Subjective theories and social representations are discussed as approaches that account for the complexity and heter ogenity of everyday knowledge. The result of this comparison is that social representations are offering the conceptual approach promising the most, because they can account for the relation of individual and culturally shared parts of everyday knowledge. Furthermore this approach of social representations may offer an answer to recent critiques on the concept of representation in general and especially in cognitive psychology. With regard to those critiques, the narrative — as an organizing principle of experiences — is discussed here as a context-sensitive method for analyzing the contents and the internal structure of social representations. Contras tive comparisons of case studies are proposed as method for analyzing the social distribution of social representations. A current research project which is comparing social representations of technique and technical change of professional dengners, professional users, and everyday users (i.e. working in non-mechanized jobs) of technique, is taken as example for the realization of the methodological considerations presented here. The analyzes presented here can furnish informations on the interference of the domain of work with other domains of everyday life, for instance, how the perception and evaluation of technical change in everyday life is influenced by the role of technique in professional life. The perspective of everyday life is proposed thereby as an integrative perspective that allows for analyzing and understanding the process of work in its greater contexts. The methodology discussed here can be used to study the influence of technical change on the process and meaning of work and on their psychological treatment. Finally this methodology allows to apply the narrative principle — as an organizing principle of experiences — as a way to profoundly analyze experiences of work. On présente ici des réflexions méthodologiques, qui visent à une réflexion plus générale sur la technique dans la psychologie et qui prennent le rôle de la technique dans le travail comme point de départ. Les savoirs quotidiens (« concepts de premier degré » selon Schütz) liés aux changements techniques dans la vie quotidienne sont proposés comme objet de recherche. Les théories subjectives et les représentations sociales sont présentées comme des approches qui rendent compte de la complexité et de Vhétérogénéité de ces savoirs. Quant aux représentations sociales qui offrent l'approche conceptuelle la plus prometteuse, nous proposons la narration comme méthode d'analyse de leurs contenus et de leurs structures internes ainsi que la comparaison contrastive comme méthode d'analyse de leur distribution sociale. On s'appuie sur un projet en cours qui compare les représentations sociales des constructeurs et des utilisateurs de technique.