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An important development in the twentieth century has been the tensions and conflicts between religio-cultural groups. In many parts of the world, religious revivalism is playing an increasingly determinist role in society and politics. Relationship between religion and politics is not new, but in the present context, it has also become related to the process of modernity. There has been considerable debate in the last few decades to understand causes of the resurgence of religious/ethnic identity. The current theories of ethnicity/identity politics can be divided into two categories: those which emphasize cultural and psychological elements, and those emphasizing economic and political factors. The Shiromani Akali Dal is a regionalist party, both in the sense of operating in a region concerned with the development of that region as also clearly a religious party, based on the concept of fusion of religion and politics, to protect the Sikh religious values and traditions and the community's political and socio-economic interests.