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The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD), one of the oldest and the premier regional party in the Punjab during the hundred years of its chequered history, has gone through various ups and downs, faced internal divisions, external challenges and crisis of credibility and existence. After the reorganization of Punjab in 1966, the SAD began to function as a regional party. The SAD, claiming to represent the rural population and getting its major support from peasantry, has remained almost totally oblivion to address the agrarian crisis. Factionalism has been a major bone of contention of Akali politics from the very beginning. Pakistan, as revenge against separation of Bangladesh and also to divert India's attention from Kashmir, remains active in promoting anti-India Sikh activists. While sections of diasporic groups pose a challenge for SAD by supporting separatists, the Sikh community outside Punjab within India poses a different challenge.