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Nanotechnology in Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy and Its Applications
Ist Teil von
Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022, Vol.1, p.49-66
Auflage
1
Ort / Verlag
United Kingdom: CRC Press
Erscheinungsjahr
2022
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Alma/SFX Local Collection
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Stem cells are a specialised type of undifferentiated cells, which tend to
self-renew and transform in diverse kinds of tissues and cells. They are
categorised into various types depending on their origin and differentiation
potency. Regenerative medicine is a new class of therapeutics, which aims at
restoration and regeneration of defective tissues and organs that are generally
untreatable by present methods. This technique can be further improved and
enhanced using nanoparticles like transportation, tracing, differentiation,
capturing, and labelling of cells.
In this chapter, we have organised the classification of stem cells and its
applications in regenerative medicine. Also, we have discussed the application of
nanotechnology in stem cell regenerative therapy, and various experimental data
have been reported. MSCs have responded positively in many animal and clinical
studies. The use of umbilical cord and amniotic fluid cells has received a lot of
consideration as it can be used as an alternative effectively. Presently, several
animal and human trials are ongoing to analyse the chances of applying stem cell
therapy for regeneration and their promising results assist in understanding the
regeneration potential of the body itself.
This chapter focuses on the nanomaterials' roles and their applications in stem
cell therapy. The different types of nanoparticles usually used for these
technologies are graphene, glycolic acid polymers, gold, silver nanoparticles,
iron oxide, graphene quantum dots, selenium, and so on. A few of the recognised
advancements in this field are the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
and neural stem cells using magnetic core-shell nanoparticles.
This chapter discusses the application of nanotechnology in stem cell regenerative therapy, and outlines various experimental data. It also discusses in detail stem cell classification and their applications in various disease conditions, mainly, elaborating the advancements in regenerative medicine. The classification of stem cells depends on their differentiation ability and origin. The classification is based on their separation potential and sub-divided as totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and oligopotent. Totipotent stem cells are competent to form a whole organism such as a zygote. Pluripotent stem cells self-renew themselves and differentiate only into three germ layers cells; however, it does not form embryo or placental cells. Stem cells are categorised based on their origin as embryonic and non-embryonic stem cells. J.N. Barker and Koh identified the abundance of haematopoietic stem cells in umbilical cord blood in the late 1980s. Adult stem cells are derived from adult tissues as undifferentiated cells and found in various body tissues.