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The origins of mechanical computing devices are rooted in the European
Renaissance. During this time, there was a resurgence of classicism and
interest in humanistic subjects: thanks to the gradual spread of Indo-Arabic
numeration and mathematics in the 16th century, scholars were performing increasingly complicated calculations. This movement heralded the
decline of the use of Roman numerals and counter-boards, which had
been predominantly used in both academia and commerce from the time
of the Roman Empire. Great cities arose as a result of burgeoning trade
throughout Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, and along with this trend
came sufficient wealth to support the arts and sciences. Mathematicians
and scientists needed more accurate computation on longer numbers in
various areas than before. As their expertise grew, they searched for easier,
quicker, and more reliable ways to calculate [7, 10, 16].