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At a more granular level, each research domain will have different requirements for describing the context around data collection and preparation (important for determining whether data sets can be combined or compared) and steps used for data processing (important for ensuring reproducibility). [...]the US Geological Survey (USGS) has great resources on data management, including standards and metadata reporting [21]. Here, we describe an example of the different layers of metadata (Fig 1 and Table 1) recommended to make data derived from physical samples collected from the environment (e.g., soil or water), processed in the laboratory (e.g., DNA sequencing), and analyzed using bioinformatic tools (e.g., genome assembly and taxonomic assignment) FAIR, comparable, and reproducible. Major funders like the NSF, NIH, and the US Department of Energy (DOE) already do.