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Growing commercial trade and more frequent personal exchange following the implementation of the BRI may amplify infectious disease transmission or inadvertently introduce emerging infectious diseases, leading to an increased burden for local medical systems. [...]infectious diseases resulting from poverty disproportionately affect poor and marginalised communities, which remains a more serious hurdle to achieving the SDGs and UHC [9, 10]. AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; DALY, disability-adjusted life year; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007107.g001 Disease-specific consideration for cooperation Considering the high number of DALYs caused by the previously mentioned 20 diseases, their regional distributions and cross-border transmission risks, and the experience combating these diseases, six of them (malaria, schistosomiasis, LF, TB, dengue, and cystic echinococcosis) have been listed for collaborative control and elimination as priorities in the Belt and Road Work Plan for the Health Silk Road [1, 18]. Current platforms have significantly contributed to achieving first control and later elimination of some diseases and are now turning to the global level, providing opportunities to assist building a health approach within the BRI. Besides establishing platforms for combating diseases, China’s participation in control programmes within Asia and Africa has become a model for other countries [43]. Financial and human resource support Ending infectious disease epidemics demands intensified funding, preferably delivered at the international level, to strengthen advocacy, research, and the global control effort. Besides being a sincere collaborator in the area of global health and a board member of UNAIDS and the Global Fund [11], China is creating its own multilateral funds and banks, e.g., the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank, to promote regional cooperation in the framework of the BRI.