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[...]while superficially appealing, the very term DNA barcoding is unfortunate, as it implies that each species has a fixed and invariant characteristic--like a barcode on a supermarket product. In general, among-population sequence divergence increases with decreasing latitude, even excluding previously glaciated regions (Martin and MacKay 2004), and studies of intraspecific genetic diversity in Neotropical birds have revealed a higher level of phylogeographic subdivision compared to temperate species (Remsen 1997, Lovette and Bermingham 2001). [...]the general utility of mtDNA barcoding across different biogeographic regions--and between resident versus migratory taxa--requires further scrutiny.