Ecology (Durham), 2013-01, Vol.94 (1), p.231-240
2013
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Details
- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- Determinants of lifetime reproduction in female brown bears: early body mass, longevity, and hunting regulations
- Ist Teil von
- Ecology (Durham), 2013-01, Vol.94 (1), p.231-240
- Ort / Verlag
- Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2013
- Quelle
- MEDLINE
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- In iteroparous mammals, conditions experienced early in life may have long-lasting effects on lifetime reproductive success. Human-induced mortality is also an important demographic factor in many populations of large mammals and may influence lifetime reproductive success. Here, we explore the effects of early development, population density, and human hunting on survival and lifetime reproductive success in brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) females, using a 25-year database of individually marked bears in two populations in Sweden. Survival of yearlings to 2 years was not affected by population density or body mass. Yearlings that remained with their mother had higher survival than independent yearlings, partly because regulations prohibit the harvest of bears in family groups. Although mass as a yearling did not affect juvenile survival, it was positively associated with measures of lifetime reproductive success and individual fitness. The majority of adult female brown bear mortality (72%) in our study was due to human causes, mainly hunting, and many females were killed before they reproduced. Therefore, factors allowing females to survive several hunting seasons had a strong positive effect on lifetime reproductive success. We suggest that, in many hunted populations of large mammals, sport harvest is an important influence on both population dynamics and life histories.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 0012-9658eISSN: 1939-9170DOI: 10.1890/12-0229.1Titel-ID: cdi_pascalfrancis_primary_27175294
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- adults, Animal and plant ecology, Animal populations, Animal reproduction, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Animals, Applied ecology, Average linear density, Bears, Biological and medical sciences, Body Weight - physiology, brown bear, Brown bears, Demecology, Demographics, early development, Ecological competition, Exploitation and management of natural biological resources (hunting, fishing and exploited populations survey, etc.), Female, females, fish and wildlife law, fitness, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, General aspects, Human Activities, Humans, Hunting, individual-based studies, juveniles, life history, lifetime reproductive success, longevity, Longevity - physiology, Mammals, Mortality, Population density, Population Dynamics, Reproduction - physiology, Reproductive success, sports, survival, Sweden, Ursidae - physiology, Ursus arctos, Wildlife ecology, Yearlings