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Expansion of the global RNA virome reveals diverse clades of bacteriophages
Ist Teil von
Cell, 2022-10, Vol.185 (21), p.4023-4037.e18
Ort / Verlag
United States: Elsevier Inc
Erscheinungsjahr
2022
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
High-throughput RNA sequencing offers broad opportunities to explore the Earth RNA virome. Mining 5,150 diverse metatranscriptomes uncovered >2.5 million RNA virus contigs. Analysis of >330,000 RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) shows that this expansion corresponds to a 5-fold increase of the known RNA virus diversity. Gene content analysis revealed multiple protein domains previously not found in RNA viruses and implicated in virus-host interactions. Extended RdRP phylogeny supports the monophyly of the five established phyla and reveals two putative additional bacteriophage phyla and numerous putative additional classes and orders. The dramatically expanded phylum Lenarviricota, consisting of bacterial and related eukaryotic viruses, now accounts for a third of the RNA virome. Identification of CRISPR spacer matches and bacteriolytic proteins suggests that subsets of picobirnaviruses and partitiviruses, previously associated with eukaryotes, infect prokaryotic hosts.
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•Metatranscriptome mining reveals a major expansion of RNA virus diversity•A putative new phylum of RNA bacteriophages encodes distinct lysis proteins•Partiti-like RNA phages are targeted by a bacterial CRISPR system•Protein domains implicated in virus-host interactions are identified
Analysis of viral RNA genomes from thousands of diverse ecosystems substantially expands the known diversity of RNA viruses and show that RNA bacteriophages account for a much greater fraction of the global RNA virome.