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•Physical and mechanical models of the fiber coil are established.•FOC performance of different quadrupole winding patterns is analyzed.•Winding fiber coil designs to decrease the stress points and extinction ratio.
In this study, we analyzed the optical fiber coil performance of different quadrupole winding patterns per the differences in birefringent and elastic optical effects of optical fibers. We established both physical and mechanical models of the fiber coil for this purpose. We calculated the distribution of temperature changes and stress points inside the fiber coil with the proposed models under uniform temperature conditions, then calculated the changes in refraction index and phase differences in the fiber based on the results. A possible Brillouin shift caused by the stress in the fiber coils were anaylized for the proposed model and the ideal model. We found that a staggered line pattern reduces the number of stress points, exerts even force in every fiber, and reduces the extinction ratio of the optical fiber; to this effect, it is easier to compensate for temperature and enhance fiber coil quality under constant tension and temperature conditions using a staggered line pattern.