Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Bianchini, Matteo
• Wang, Jingyang
• Clément, Raphaële J
• Ouyang, Bin
• Xiao, Penghao
• Kitchaev, Daniil
• Shi, Tan
• Zhang, Yaqian
• Wang, Yan
• Kim, Haegyeom
• Zhang, Mingjian
• Bai, Jianming
• Wang, Feng
• Sun, Wenhao
• Ceder, Gerbrand

Titel

The interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics in the solid-state synthesis of layered oxides

Ist Teil von

• Nature materials, 2020-10, Vol.19 (10), p.1088-1095

Ort / Verlag

England: Nature Publishing Group

Erscheinungsjahr

2020

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Nature

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• In the synthesis of inorganic materials, reactions often yield non-equilibrium kinetic byproducts instead of the thermodynamic equilibrium phase. Understanding the competition between thermodynamics and kinetics is a fundamental step towards the rational synthesis of target materials. Here, we use in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction to investigate the multistage crystallization pathways of the important two-layer (P2) sodium oxides Na MO (M = Co, Mn). We observe a series of fast non-equilibrium phase transformations through metastable three-layer O3, O3' and P3 phases before formation of the equilibrium two-layer P2 polymorph. We present a theoretical framework to rationalize the observed phase progression, demonstrating that even though P2 is the equilibrium phase, compositionally unconstrained reactions between powder precursors favour the formation of non-equilibrium three-layered intermediates. These insights can guide the choice of precursors and parameters employed in the solid-state synthesis of ceramic materials, and constitutes a step forward in unravelling the complex interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics during materials synthesis.