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During the nineteenth century the formation of pharmaceutical societies greatly influenced the development of pharmacy in Austria. Such societies were needed to address the economic, social and educational difficulties faced by pharmacists. They resulted from the low pay of assistant
pharmacists, the lack of an old age pension scheme, the absence of health insurance, the nonavailability of financial support for widows and orphans, and the low profile of pharmacists caused by the inadequate education of apothecaries, assistant pharmacists and apprentices. This article describes
the origins of the more prominent pharmaceutical societies in the German language and their effect on Austrian pharmacy.