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Towards the end of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, a novel written by
L. Frank Baum and first published in Chicago on May 17, 1900, the story’s
mystical Wizard is revealed to be nothing more than a circus imposter, a
trickster whose hotair balloon had once accidentally drifted into the
magical Land of Oz some time ago. This Wizard of Oz is a professional
con man who creates a realm of illusions, each of which – including the
‘spectacular brightness and glory of the Emerald City’ (Baum, 1900a: 80) –
ultimately owe their glamour to a visual ruse. For Stuart Culver, the ruses
of the Emerald City symbolise the powerful lure of industrialisation and
mass production (1988: 103) that Mark McGurl pinpoints as an embodi
ment of early twentiethcentury urban America (2011: 686). Frank Kelleter
even goes so far as to describe The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as itself a story
both of and about America (2012: 23). He points to the book’s narrative
journey from the desolate, grey farmyard of the story’s beginning to the
vibrant, colourful Land of Oz experienced thereafter as a transition that
mirrors early twentiethcentury America’s own transformation from what
was a predominantly ruralfarming economy to what hence became an
urbanmanufacturing landscape (2012: 23).