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Although Bonaparte’s Egyptian Campaign was a failure in military terms, France
nonetheless accorded a new prestige to Egypt in the early 19th century. Egyptian
civilization was acknowledged as the precursor of Greece, which was in turn
superseded by imperial Rome. Thanks to Napoleon, the French Empire had become
the latest cultural and political ne plus ultra, at least in the eyes of the French, if not the
world. Western culture, including its underlying Christianity, was held to be of the
highest order. Along with other European nations, France had a duty (mission
civilisatrice) to bring the less developed and ‘heathen’ world into the light. Parallels
between the Roman Empire and the French Empire became dominant themes of the
arts under Napoleon, with both Empires having a common Egyptian connection.