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The article here presented focuses on the intellectual development of Fernand Braudel's pre-1949 approach to Ottoman history, tracing its origins in his work undertaken on and in North Africa in the late 1920s, and its subsequent development down to the appearance in 1949 of his major work, La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l'époque de Philippe II and the immediate post-publication reception of Braudel's epochal work in Turkey. The reaction of contemporary Turkish scholarship to the economic and demographic aspects of La Méditerranée, together with its links with the Annales school, is examined, as is the later, mainly North American, response to the political and diplomatic aspects of Braudel's work. Enquiry is made of common links from both Braudel's and the Ottoman side with the work of Henri Pirenne, together with the significance of Braudel's own work as in instrument for bringing Ottoman history more into the overall history of the Mediterranean world in the early modern period.