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Despite the significant advancements in photonic computation in recent years, the inadequacy of optical nonlinearities limits the scalability of optical deep networks (ONNs). Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), with excellent nonlinear properties, is emerging as a promising candidate for nonlinear processing. Here, we investigate the saturable absorption of MoS 2 by continuous wave lasers and illustrate the capability of MoS 2 as an activation unit for nonlinear mapping in ONNs. Moreover, a simulation-based fully connected neural network is fabricated for mimicking the operation of ONNs and demonstrating image classification. The results show that the recognition accurateness ranged from 89% to 94%, depending on the morphology of MoS 2 . This work provides a guideline for the selection of nonlinear units and opens up the possibility of implementing all-optical neural networks.