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Three types of sexual harassment of females in public places in Pakistan
Ist Teil von
Çağdaş tıp dergisi, 2019-01, Vol.9 (1), p.65-73
Ort / Verlag
Rabia Yılmaz
Erscheinungsjahr
2019
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ)
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Introduction: The study was aimed at investigating three types of
sexual harassment in public places in Pakistan.
Methods: A questionnaire was completed by 543 female students
in Pakistan (M=22.3 years, SD 4.3). The questionnaire included
scales for measuring physical, verbal, and nonverbal sexual harassment,
and four scales measuring reactions to sexual harassment.
Results: Sexual harassment was found to be most common in
market places, and the perpetrator was typically a stranger. Nonverbal
sexual harassment was the most frequent type. Only 2.8% of
the respondents had never been victimised from any of the three
types of sexual harassment. The most common reaction of the victims
was to run away. Respondents highly victimised from physical,
verbal or nonverbal harassment scored higher than others on defensive
reactions, immediate distress, and long-term negative concomitants.
Educational level was not associated with the amount of
victimisation from any type of sexual harassment, but respondents
with a high education scored significantly higher on negative reactions
to sexual harassment.
Discussion and Conclusion: Sexual harassment was associated
with negative psychological concomitants for the victims. It can be
concluded that sexual harassment in public places in Pakistan is a
huge social problem that needs to be addressed.