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Physiological significance of volume-regulatory transporters
Ist Teil von
American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology, 1999-05, Vol.276 (5), p.C995-C1011
Ort / Verlag
United States
Erscheinungsjahr
1999
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Renal Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of
Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
30322
Research over the
past 25 years has identified specific ion transporters and channels
that are activated by acute changes in cell volume and that serve to
restore steady-state volume. The mechanism by which cells sense changes
in cell volume and activate the appropriate transporters remains a
mystery, but recent studies are providing important clues. A curious
aspect of volume regulation in mammalian cells is that it is often
absent or incomplete in anisosmotic media, whereas complete volume
regulation is observed with isosmotic shrinkage and swelling. The basis
for this may lie in an important role of intracellular
Cl in controlling
volume-regulatory transporters. This is physiologically relevant, since
the principal threat to cell volume in vivo is not changes in
extracellular osmolarity but rather changes in the cellular content of
osmotically active molecules. Volume-regulatory transporters are also
closely linked to cell growth and metabolism, producing requisite
changes in cell volume that may also signal subsequent growth and
metabolic events. Thus, despite the relatively constant osmolarity in
mammals, volume-regulatory transporters have important roles in
mammalian physiology.
cell volume; regulatory volume increase; regulatory volume
decrease; sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter; sodium-proton
antiporter