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Lactate and short chain fatty acids produced by microbial fermentation downregulate proinflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells and myeloid cells
Highlights • Lactate & SCFAs regulate proinflammatory activation of epithelial and myeloid cells. • Butyrate/propionate are effective at lower concentrations than lactate/acetate. • Lactate & SCFAs are immunomodulatory at intestinal physiological concentrations. • Modulatory activity of SCFAs and lactate are not related to Gi signaling. • These molecules could be useful in gastrointestinal inflammatory situations.